ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH 3D printing is, without any doubt, a paradigm-switching technology in industrial production. Therefore, it is not surprising that several papers in the engineering field deal with topics related to 3D printing. The most common 3D-printing process, Fused Filament Fabrication, is used by Vasile Ermolai, Alexandru Sover, and Gheorghe Nagit to design and test multi-material flexure hinges. The research collaboration of Ismail Hakki Tekiner, Anke Knoblauch, Bahar Özatila, and Murat Ay presented on soft matter physics that can set the biological clock of industrial food sciences and (bio)technology. Martin Michalak, Marius-Andrei Boca, and Alexandru Sover characterized various welding notch designs and quantified their impact on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PLA parts, which are joined using a so-called 3D pen. Stefan Geißelsöder and Andriy Narovlyanskyy looked in-depth at the intelligence of interacting autonomous robots and virtual agents. Anette Lang, Marius-Andrei Boca, and Alexandru Sover investigated the influence of cooling conditions during 3D printing on the switching temperature of a TPU with SME. Further work also focused on the product design and its resulting characteristics from 3D printing. Alexandru Sover, Markus Zink, Marius-Andrei Boca, and Thomas Schönbucher present the development of 3D-printed recyclable jointless plastic grippers for medical application that are based on the design of compliant mechanisms. Furthermore, Silviu-Christian Eva, Alexandru Sover, and Vasile Ermolai analyzed the impact of the G-Code flavor on the 3Dprinting process. Another current topic in the engineering session were the possibilities and limitations of computer science and its application for communication and industrial demands. Adapting new and disruptive technologies is highly relevant for modern industry, but the providers of such technologies pay surprisingly less attention. In their paper, Beatriz Garcia-Ortega, Daniel Catala-Perez, Blanca De-Miguel-Molina, and María De-MiguelMolina classify the intrinsic risk factors related to their specific nature, grouped by subjects, along with the potential derived negative impacts on their businesses. The session was closed by Ana Isabel Almerich-Chulia, Jesica Moreno-Puchalt who showed potential perspectives of 3D laser scanner for real life domains. BUSINESS 1 The workshop Business one started with three papers in the area of circular economy. Joaquín Sanchez-Planelles, Yolanda Trujillo-Adriá, Belén Silva-Cardenas, and María de Miguel-Molina gave a first introduction on how to set the basis for further research by II Scientific overview 4th International Conference Business Meets Technology. Ansbach 7th – 9th July 2022 defining key concepts and testing them with cases in the hotel and restaurant sector. M Rosario Perello-Marín, Conrado Carrascosa-Lopez, María de Miguel-Molina, and Miguel Angel Mas Gil analyzed existing labels looking for their content with respect to circular economy goals to help understand which aspects are already covered and how especially small and medium size enterprises could, in the long run, better communicate their advances in this area and thus gaining a new instrument for publicity., María de MiguelMolina, Virginia Santamarina-Campos, Marival Segarra-Oña, Ángel Peiró-Signes and Daniel Catalá-Pérez concluded this part of the workshop by presenting their focus group design and preliminary results for information gathering in the tourism sector in the Valencia region. Benjamin Korder, Julien Maheut, and Matthia Konle showed the first results of their literature review on the subject of the Ripple Effect in Supply Chains. Ines Diez-Martinez and Angel Peiró-Signes presented their results of an in-depth analysis of possible causal conditions for understanding differences in environmental orientation when innovating. This paper is not included in the proceedings. Cornelius Pöpel and Egbert Jürgens analyzed the challenge of overcoming the separation between academia and industry in the field of music technology, giving examples of their own experience and showing preliminary possibilities for explaining why most promising ideas in academia will never end up helping industry in reaching their goals as a basis for generating ideas for overcoming those barriers. Rebecca Oberst, Barbara Hedderich, Blanca de Miguel-Molina, and Daniel Catalá-Pérez summed up some suggestions for reducing stress for first-semester students, which were also based on a survey. BUSINESS 2 In Business two, Christian A. Gebhard showed through the analysis of interview results that there is still considerable potential in building up China competence at enterprise levels. This paper is not included in the conference proceedings. Angel Peiró-Signes and Oscar Trull-Dominguez showed an interesting analysis of human pressure on the Hawaiian Islands, thus testing a possible methodology for measuring such effects in the controlled environment of an island. This paper is also not included in the proceedings. Ritam Garg introduced the necessity of a new perspective when analyzing cross-cultural collaboration. He presents indigenous management concepts as a promising approach for overcoming the limitations of the more classical management literature. Eva Didion, María Rosario PerellóMarín, Ute Ambrosius, and Daniel Catalá Pérez introduced a possible research agenda based on a structured literature review. INFORMATION SYSTEMS The session started with a review on potential usages of virtual reality in design research and practice by Sebastian Stadler. Carsten Lanquillon and Sigurd Schacht illustrate how cognitive agents grounded on continuously enhanced knowledge graphs constructed based III Scientific overview 4th International Conference Business Meets Technology. Ansbach 7th – 9th July 2022 on state-of-the-art AI solutions and appropriate feedback mechanisms for quality assurance can support organization and domain-specific knowledge management. Pavlina Kröckel, Alexander Piazza, and Pascal Wessel demonstrate that emotion recognition software captures unexpected emotional reactions from football coaches, which could then be used to calculate statistics and increase fan engagement and entertainment. A digital study assistant based on conversational Artificial Intelligence that meets the multi-faceted needs of students in their day-to-day studies is presented by Sophie Henne, Vanessa Mehlin, Elena Schmid, and Sigurd Schacht. The assistant acts as a communicator, a motivator, and an analyzer and supports mentoring. The session on information systems was closed by a review of the use of machine learning techniques in eco-innovation research by Inés Diez Martinez and Ángel Peiró Signés. EDUCATION The closing session Education and Teaching Sciences was opened by Christian A. Gebhard, who introduced the profile of learners of Chinese. Christian Riess, Michael Walter, Maria Tyroller, Lisa Gomolka, and Johannes Augustin showed benchmarks for a learning experience with real prototypes. Patrick Gröner, Barbara Hedderich, and Lena Dittrich gave an overview of the different possibilities a model project offers for giving Universities of Applied Sciences a chance to train their staff. Christian A. Gebhard and Monica BaudraccoKastner pleaded not to forget the positive experiences of online teaching, basing their recommendations on several surveys with students. POSTER SESSION The exhibition was set up for the first time in the conference series and gave young researchers and students the possibility to present their work to an international scientific audience. The Executive Summaries of selected contributions are included in the conference proceedings. Mascha-Lea Fersch, Sophie Henne, Vanessa Mehlin, Sigurd Schacht, Elena Schmid, Vincent Su talked about the project “DIAS” which introduces a digital intelligent study assistant at the University of Applied Sciences Ansbach. Janine Riemann gave insights on the influence of virtual reality on the feeling of hunger and the consequences for the feeling of satiety and food cravings, while Markus Kenderes took a closed look on sustainability at the UAS Ansbach. Annika Bölz and Sibylle Gaisser analyzed the public perception of nonpharmacological interventions for COVID-19-pandemic containment. Finally, Sibylle Gaisser and Christopher Hain took into account pattern recognition programming to predict the productivity of Yarrowia lipolytica DSM 3286 for citric acid production.

Statistical tolerance analysis based on Monte Carlo simulation can be applied to obtain a cost-optimized tolerance specification that satisfies both the cost and quality requirements associated with manufacturing. However, this process requires time-consuming computations. We found that an implementation that uses the graphics processing unit (GPU) for vector-chain-based statistical tolerance analysis scales better with increasing sample size than a similar implementation on the central processing unit (CPU). Furthermore, we identified a significant potential for reducing runtime by using array vectorization with NumPy, the proper selection of row- and column- major order, and the use of single precision floating-point numbers for the GPU implementation. In conclusion, we present open source statistical tolerance analysis and statistical tolerance synthesis approaches with Python that can be used to improve existing workflows to real time on regular desktop computers.

The importance of geometric deviations of components for the aesthetic and functional quality of products has been undisputed for decades. So, it is not surprising that not only have numerous researchers devoted themselves to this field, but also commercial software tools for the analysis and optimization of tolerance specifications (currently already fully integrated in 3D-CAD systems) have been available for around 30 years. However, it is even more surprising that the well-founded specification of tolerances and their analysis using a so-called statistical tolerance analysis are only established in a few companies. There is thus a contradiction between the proclaimed relevance of tolerances and their actual consideration in everyday business life. Thus, the question of the significance of geometric deviations and tolerances as well as the use of statistical tolerance analysis arises. Therefore, a survey among 102 German companies was carried out. The results are presented and discussed in this paper.

Air-conditioning of vehicles is important to improve driver comfort and motivate users to invest. The heating and cooling processes required for this are very energy-intensive processes. In conventional battery-operated commercial vehicles, the energy required to operate the air-conditioning system is used from the battery. This reduces the range of the vehicles by up to 30%. One of the greatest challenges in making electric commercial vehicles usable across the board is to increase their driving range. To reduce energy losses through air-conditioning, it is preferable to develop a technology that is independent of the battery. There are a number of options for controlling the temperature of a moving vehicle, but only a limited number that is CO₂-neutral. In this paper, we focus on adsorption chiller technology in combination with an auxiliary heater based on bioethanol. To understand the advantage of an adsorption machine, a simulation model can provide useful data on scaling and ease of use and thus be the basis for design and assembly of a prototype system. Therefore, a mathematical model of the adsorption technology is combined with the known dimensional parameters of electric vehicles, and the results are presented in form of a simulation model.

The specification of cost-optimal tolerances is ever since a major challenge for design engineers to ensure functionality as well as economic efficiency of mechanical assemblies. However, the underlying conflict "as tight as required, as wide as possible" is as old as the design, manufacturing of mechanical parts and their assembly itself – going back to times, when first plain tools were produced by hand using stones and wood. Since then, a long and challenging path has been taken by researchers and industrial experts to develop today’s effective methods and tools on tolerance engineering. In this paper a historical review on tolerance engineering of dimensional and geometrical tolerances in mechanical engineering is presented. Starting with the early beginnings during the age of individualized manufacture, four ages of tolerance engineering are analyzed and its major achievements are presented and discussed. Finally, we are looking ahead – focusing on current and upcoming trends in tolerance engineering.

The automotive industry is currently undergoing far-reaching structural changes. Automobile manufacturers are pursuing intensive scientific research and technological development in the field of alternative drive systems, such as electric powertrains. If electric car batteries are charged with regenerative generated electricity, their emission output is zero (from a well-to-wheel view). Furthermore, electric drives have very high efficiency. At cold temperatures, however, the battery power drops due to energy-intensive loads, such as the heating of the passenger compartment, and this consequently reduces the range dramatically. Therefore, the focus of this research work is external energy supply for the required heat capacity. The auxiliary energy may be generated by renewable energy technologies in order to further improve the CO₂ balance of electric vehicles. The paper deals with the design, application, and testing of a biofuel-operated heater to heat the passenger compartment of a battery-powered electric car (a Renault ZOE R240). The practical use of the heating system is analyzed in several test drives, performed during winter 2018. The results as well as the range extension of the electric car that can be achieved by substituting the on-board heating system by the fuel-operated heater are quantified herein.

Identifying a suitable compromise between tight and thus expensive tolerances and wide tolerances that may negatively influence the product quality is a major challenge. This paper focuses on the tolerance-cost-optimization of mechanical assemblies with interrelated dimension chains considering dependencies between the tolerance–cost-relationships. Taking into account interrelated dimension chains the crux is, however, that modifications of a single tolerance can influence several dimension chains as well as the resulting production costs. Based on different existing approaches for the statistical tolerance-cost-optimization, the authors will provide appropriate guidance for the product developer dealing with interrelated dimension chains.