As a contribution to addressing the challenges posed by climate change, acoustic ecology, and in particular the study of changes in soundscapes, provides an opportunity to better understand and subsequently manage climate change. This paper focuses on the development of new spectrogram-based analysis methods to expand the possibilities of comparative analysis of soundscapes. The database to be analysed with the new methods is provided by the WikliNathi project, a long-term monitoring study to investigate the sonic changes of populations of living organisms as well as geophone and anthropophone sounds in a nature reserve. The developed methods of analysis will be presented in detail. Selected audio recordings are analysed for changes in the sounds of great tits, grasshoppers and frogs from 2018 to 2023 using spectral flatness, temporal flatness and onset detection in aligned time-frequency regions. The evaluation of the results shows that the proposed new methods can be used to obtain more detailed and complementary results in future studies as part of this and other bioacoustic projects.

In diesem Beitrag wird eine Einführung in eine bisher wenig erforschte Krankheitsform namens "Misophonie" gegeben. Betroffene erleben negative physiologische und emotionale Reaktionen bei der Rezeption bestimmter Formen von Schall. Bislang wurde diese Krankheit noch nicht in den ICD-11 Katalog aufgenommen. Das hochrangige medizinische Zetrum Amsterdam UMC hat 2020 allerdings diverse Kritierien für das Krankheistbild festgestellt. Im Beitrag wird nach einer kurzen Definition der Misophonie ein Katalog an triggernden Geräuschen sowie Diagnosekriterien dargelegt. Eine mögliche Behandlungform wird aufgezeit und ein Interview mit einer betroffenen Person präsentiert. Ziel ist es mit diesen Beitrag auf diese noch relativ unbekannte Störung aufmerksam zu machen und zu sensibilisieren.

Learning from texts means acquiring and applying knowledge, which requires students to judge their text comprehension accurately. However, students usually overestimate their comprehension, which can be caused by a misalignment between the cues used to judge one’s comprehension and the cognitive requirements of future test questions. Therefore, reading instructions might help students to use more valid cues and hence to make more accurate judgments. In two randomized experiments, we investigated the effect of application instructions (in contrast to general and memory instructions) on judgment bias regarding memory test performance and application test performance. In Experiment 1, 131 pre-service teacher students read two texts: For the first text (pretest phase), all participants received general reading instructions. For the second text (testing phase), they received one of the three reading instructions. Main results were that the general reading instructions in the pretest phase resulted in underestimation for memory test performance and overestimation for application test performance. Results from the testing phase yielded mixed effects and, overall, no strong evidence that reading instructions, and in particular application instructions, are beneficial for debiasing judgments of comprehension. Experiment 2 (N = 164 pre-service teachers) restudied the effects with the same texts but a different study design. Results replicated the effects found in the testing phase of Experiment 1. Overall, the results indicated that reading instructions without further support are not sufficient to help students to accurately judge their comprehension and suggested that text characteristics might impact the effect of reading instructions on judgment bias.

In dieser Untersuchung wird die Frage gestellt, welche Bedeutung der Ton in VR-Anwendungen haben kann, wenn immersive AV-Aufnahmen aus der Natur wiedergegeben werden. Zwanzig ProbandInnen verschiedener Altersgruppen wurden ausgewählt. Ihnen wurde jeweils mittels VR Brille und Kopfhörer (3D-Sound) eine AV-Aufnahme aus der Natur einmal ohne und einmal mit Ton vorgelegt. Es wurde eine Biosignalmessung über den gesamten Verlauf der Untersuchung durchgeführt und die subjektive Befindlichkeit der Testpersonen in Fragebögen festgehalten. In der Auswertung lässt sich feststellen, dass die Anwendung mit Ton positiver wahrgenommen wurde und bessere Auswirkungen auf das mentale und körperliche Wohlbefinden hatte. Die VR-Anwendung ohne Ton wurde als wesentlich negativer wahrgenommen und löste teilweise sogar körperliche Stressreaktionen aus. Das Paper erläutert Background sowie Methodik der Studie und erläutert die Ergebnisse.

Sexist content is widespread on social media and can reduce women's psychological well-being and their willingness to participate in online discourse, making it a societal issue. To counter these effects, social media platforms employ moderators. To date, little is known about the effectiveness of different forms of moderation in creating a safe space and their acceptance, in particular from the perspective of women as members of the targeted group and users in general (rather than perpetrators). In this research, we propose that some common forms of moderation can be systematized along two facets of visibility, namely visibility of sexist content and of counterspeech. In an online experiment (N = 839), we manipulated these two facets and tested how they shaped social norms, feelings of safety, and intent to participate, as well as fairness, trustworthiness, and efficacy evaluations. In line with our predictions, deletion of sexist content - i.e., its invisibility - and (public) counterspeech - i.e., its visibility - against visible sexist content contributed to creating a safe space. Looking at the underlying psychological mechanism, we found that these effects were largely driven by changes in what was perceived normative in the presented context. Interestingly, deletion of sexist content was judged as less fair than counterspeech against visible sexist content. Our research contributes to a growing body of literature that highlights the importance of norms in creating safer online environments and provides practical implications for moderators for selecting actions that can be effective and accepted.

Sexist content is widespread on social media and can reduce women's psychological well-being and their willingness to participate in online discourse, making it a societal issue. To counter these effects, social media platforms employ moderators. To date, little is known about the effectiveness of different forms of moderation in creating a safe space and their acceptance, in particular from the perspective of women as members of the targeted group and users in general (rather than perpetrators). In this research, we propose that some common forms of moderation can be systematized along two facets of visibility, namely visibility of sexist content and of counterspeech. In an online experiment (N = 839), we manipulated these two facets and tested how they shaped social norms, feelings of safety, and intent to participate, as well as fairness, trustworthiness, and efficacy evaluations. In line with our predictions, deletion of sexist content - i.e., its invisibility - and (public) counterspeech - i.e., its visibility - against visible sexist content contributed to creating a safe space. Looking at the underlying psychological mechanism, we found that these effects were largely driven by changes in what was perceived normative in the presented context. Interestingly, deletion of sexist content was judged as less fair than counterspeech against visible sexist content. Our research contributes to a growing body of literature that highlights the importance of norms in creating safer online environments and provides practical implications for moderators for selecting actions that can be effective and accepted.