Hate speech, particularly on social media channels, is a pressing cybersecurity concern and can even threaten the very foundations of societal stability. While there is a growing body of literature on how to detect and mitigate hate speech, applied researchers lack a state-of-the-art yet easily accessible infrastructure to build their own hate speech detection pipelines. We aim to provide an example of such an infrastructure that can serve as a template for other researchers. The infrastructure we present is based on the latest machine learning technologies available in the R environment: The Tidymodels framework and its extension Tidytext, plus the Targets project management approach, are the building blocks of our proposed infrastructure. In short, our data pipeline starts with downloading and preprocessing tweets, using various methods to convert text into numerical information. We then apply state-of-the-art supervised machine learning pipelines, drawing on a range of learning algorithms and incorporating new tuning capabilities. The focus of this paper is to explain the setup and rationale of the infrastructure. Our infrastructure is freely available on Github at https://github.com/sebastiansauer/hate-speech-barometer.

To make data visualization more attractive, not just color or different shapes are used, but also animations are nowadays added to graphs. Software tools for data visualization use different representation styles or display features and include animation in the data visualization process. Until now, the positive effect of different representation styles has been taken for granted in practice. However, this raises the question of the extent to which such representation styles are effective and what results can be seen in research in this regard. A literature review on data visualization is given to examine this in more detail. It was considered to what extent there are already findings on whether animated graphs have an effect on consumers’ behaviors. In the following work, we mean by an animated graph, a graph that is not visible from the beginning. Instead, the graph builds up over time. This way, motion is added to the graph. The literature review shows that data visualization has been studied more frequently in some areas. In marketing, this has received less consideration so far. Animations in graphs have not been studied much in the literature.

Learning from texts means acquiring and applying knowledge, which requires students to judge their text comprehension accurately. However, students usually overestimate their comprehension, which can be caused by a misalignment between the cues used to judge one’s comprehension and the cognitive requirements of future test questions. Therefore, reading instructions might help students to use more valid cues and hence to make more accurate judgments. In two randomized experiments, we investigated the effect of application instructions (in contrast to general and memory instructions) on judgment bias regarding memory test performance and application test performance. In Experiment 1, 131 pre-service teacher students read two texts: For the first text (pretest phase), all participants received general reading instructions. For the second text (testing phase), they received one of the three reading instructions. Main results were that the general reading instructions in the pretest phase resulted in underestimation for memory test performance and overestimation for application test performance. Results from the testing phase yielded mixed effects and, overall, no strong evidence that reading instructions, and in particular application instructions, are beneficial for debiasing judgments of comprehension. Experiment 2 (N = 164 pre-service teachers) restudied the effects with the same texts but a different study design. Results replicated the effects found in the testing phase of Experiment 1. Overall, the results indicated that reading instructions without further support are not sufficient to help students to accurately judge their comprehension and suggested that text characteristics might impact the effect of reading instructions on judgment bias.

In the Project HAnS nine universities and three cross-institutional initiatives have teamed up on behalf of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) to design and implement an intelligent university assistance system as open source. The goal is to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) tutor for higher education that transcribes video-based teaching material and enables keyword searches via indexing, but furthermore automatically generates exercises. As a result, students will be digitally assisted in their self-study. According to the design-based research idea, technological development is accompanied by an interdisciplinary approach and is checked and continuously altered throughout the developmental process in terms of user knowledge and values, pedagogical knowledge, ethics, acceptability and data protection.

Im BMBF-Verbundprojekt HAnS entwickeln und implementieren neun Hochschulen sowie drei hochschulübergreifende Einrichtungen ein intelligentes Hochschul-Assistenz-System als Open-Source-Lösung. Videobasierte Lehrmaterialien werden verschriftlicht und durch eine Indexierung Stichwortsuchen ermöglicht; geplant ist, über einen KI-Tutor automatisiert Übungsaufgaben zu generieren. Studierende sollen so in ihrem Selbststudium digital unterstützt werden. Die technische Entwicklung wird interdisziplinär – auch sozialwissenschaftlich und pädagogisch – begleitet und in einem iterativen Vorgehen evidenzbasiert entsprechend Design-Based-Research angepasst. Wissen und Wertesystem der Anwender*innen, Didaktik, Ethik, Akzeptanz und Datenschutz werden dabei im Entwicklungsprozess einbezogen.

The current energy crisis and high fossil fuel costs are challenging energy intensive industries such as non- ferrous foundries. It is therefore important to promote the transition to renewable energy sources with the electrification of melting units. This pilot study is the first to simulate the transition of conventional foundries to sustainable technologies. For this purpose, a simulation model based on a selected example company is developed. It takes into account the energy consumption and the logistical effects of a converted operation. The simulation model is implemented as a hybrid simulation combining a discrete event simulation at the plant level and a process simulation within the furnaces. The study shows how a sustainable energy supply can be achieved in foundries. The effects of efficiency as well as energy costs and emissions are also taken into account.

This study highlights the importance of pre-testing social media ads and explores the challenges of objectively assessing ad performance. It outlines how a multi-method approach combining facial coding and eye-tracking can help identify successful ads before launch. The findings emphasize the growing importance of user experience research (via digital empathy) for social media advertising and performance marketing.

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Dynamiken stereotyper Darstellungen von Alter und Geschlecht in der Anzeigenwerbung ausgewählter Zeitschriftentitel der Jahre 2000 und 2020 sichtbar zu machen. Hierzu blickt die Arbeit zunächst auf die wissenschaftliche Topographie theoretischer Zugänge der Kategorie Geschlecht und diskutiert deren Relevanz und Praktikabilität für die Kommunikationswissenschaft. Der Fokus ist auch auf die Frage gerichtet, wie die Kategorie Geschlecht jenseits der Binarität weiblich/männlich empirisch operationalisiert werden kann. Der Kategorie Alter begegnet die Arbeit aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven: So fließen sowohl soziodemographische Dynamiken, gerontologische Konzepte, Ansätze zur Strukturierung des Alters sowie Diskurse über den Kampf gegen das Altern in die Betrachtungen dieser Kategorie ein. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auch auf den Intersektionen von Alter und Geschlecht sowie auf der Frage, welche Implikationen ein double standard of aging für Frauen und Männer bereithält. In einem weiteren Kapitel beleuchtet die Arbeit eingehend den Stereotyp-Begriff. Neben der begrifflichen Abgrenzung und Definition, wer-den bestehende Befunde über gesellschaftlich konventionalisierte Alters- und Geschlechterstereotype zusammengetragen. Darüber hinaus befasst sich die Arbeit mit dem besonderen Stellenwert von Medien im Kontext lebenslanger Sozialisationsprozesse und erläutert, warum der Werbung bei der Entstehung und Verbreitung von Stereotypen eine besondere Rolle zukommt. Neben jenen theoretischen Bezügen dienen kulturhistorische Betrachtungen von Alter und Geschlecht in der Werbung sowie die Aufarbeitung des Forschungsstandes der Sichtbarmachung von langfristigen Entwicklungen stereotyper Darstellungen jener Kategorien seit dem Beginn der frühen Wirtschaftswerbung sowie der Herleitung und Ausformulierung der im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit zu beantwortenden Forschungsfragen. Mit der Methode der quantitativen Bildinhaltsanalyse erfasst und analysiert die Arbeit 2.041 Personendarstellungen in der Anzeigenwerbung mit dem Ziel, einen umfassenden Überblick über stereotype Darstellungen von Alter und Geschlecht zu erhalten. Die ausformulierten Forschungsfragen gliedern sich dabei nach thematischen Kategorien, die nicht nur die von Frauen und Männern oder von verschiedenen Altersgruppen beworbenen Produktkategorien untersuchen, sondern auch nach Veränderungen in den Darstellungskontexten Beruf, Haushalt und Freizeit sowie nach soziodemographischen Dynamiken, kommunizierten Gratifikationsversprechen oder der dargestellten Lebensweise fragen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass stereotype Darstellungen von Alter und Geschlecht in der Anzeigenwerbung nach wie vor in großem Umfang existieren und dabei sowohl von Konstanz als auch von Veränderung geprägt sind.

LCD technology has been known for decades and used in the manufacture of components with photosensitive material (6K, 8K, polyurethane- based elastics resin, eco- and bioresins). The functional characteristics and aesthetics of components can be improved by adding reinforcing materials in the form of powders, pigments, or other additives. The paper presents the effects on the printing process with such a modified resin through a systematic approach. The modifications consisted in adding metallic powders with two different grain size (aluminum and copper). The results showed not only the possibility of successful printing but also problems that can occur during the processes. Several tests were carried out on a desktop LCD 3D printer, which makes the proposed approach applicable to any type of equipment.

This paper presents the development and evaluation of a first prototype of an ai-based study progress forecast. This service is integrated within a conversational agent and can be used by students to show them their current study progress. First, implications for the set-up of a forecast application from the literature are described. Based on the requirements identified in the literature and from the project itself, a lightweight formula was created that enables calculating the remaining study time. In order to assess preliminary feasibility and perception of the model prototype, a qualitative focus group discussion was conducted with five participants. Overall, the study progress forecast was well received by the participants, especially the offer itself as well as the promptness of the service were highlighted.

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